利用超强激光进行深度狄拉克态的可行性研究

多年以来，很多不同的理论预言了深度狄拉克态(DDL)的存在。然而，DDL的存在依然存在很大的争议，急需进行验证。随着超强激光技术的提高，可以利用超强激光把电子加速到相对论能量，也可以产生正负电子对，引发核反应等。强激光所提供的这种极端环境也为探索DDL带来新可能。本文提出一个新的探测DDL的方法，即以原子核的轨道电子俘获寿命在强激光等离子体中的变化为探针，探测DDL是否存在。计算表明，若DDL存在，轨道电子俘获寿命变化可达7个量级，从而有望在现有超强激光条件下探测DDL。     

Ligand-Enabled Nickel-Catalyzed Redox-Relay Migratory Hydroarylation of Alkenes with Arylborons

A redox-relay migratory hydroarylation of isomeric mixtures of olefins with arylboronic acids catalyzed by nickel complexes bearing diamine ligands is described. A range of structurally diverse 1,1-diarylalkanes, including those containing a 1,1-diarylated quaternary carbon, were obtained in excellent yields and with high regioselectivity. Preliminary experimental evidence supports the proposed non-dissociated chainwalking of aryl-nickel(II)-hydride species along the alkyl chain of alkenes before selective reductive elimination at a benzylic position. A catalyst loading as low as 0.5 mol % proved to be sufficient in large-scale synthesis while retaining high reactivity, highlighting the practical value of this transformation.     

Design and synthesis of the honeycomb PtSnNa/ZSM-5 monolithic catalyst for propane dehydrogenation

A novel PtSnNa/ZSM-5 monolithic catalyst was designed and synthesized for the propane dehydrogenation reaction, which was a significant transformation in industry. Experimental results showed that although the propane conversion and the propylene selectivity gradually fell down along with the reaction time, the descent speed of the PtSnNa/ZSM-5 monolithic catalyst was slower than that of the granule catalyst and the propane conversion and propylene selectivity of the reaction with monolithic catalyst still remained at a high level after 12 hr. The monolithic catalyst had regular pore structure that facilitated the separation of the product from the catalyst and reduced the limitation on internal and external diffusion and mass transfer, and led to the high catalytic activity and stability. The catalyst could be easily fabricated and was of highly industrial application potential.     

$$L^2_f$$ L f 2 -harmonic 1-forms on smooth metric measure spaces with positive $$\lambda _1(\Delta _f)$$ λ 1 ( Δ f )

In this paper, we study vanishing and splitting results on a complete smooth metric measure space \((M^n,g,\mathrm {e}^{-f}\mathrm {d}v)\) with various negative m-Bakry-Émery Ricci curvature lower bounds in terms of the first eigenvalue \(\lambda _1(\Delta _f)\) of the weighted Laplacian \(\Delta _f\), i.e., \(\mathrm {Ric}_{m,n}\ge -a\lambda _1(\Delta _f)-b\) for \(0<a\le \dfrac{m}{m-1}, b\ge 0\). In particular, we consider three main cases for different a and b with or without conditions on \(\lambda _1(\Delta _f)\). These results are extensions of Dung and Vieira, and weighted generalizations of Li-Wang, Dung-Sung, and Vieira.

     

One‐pot Two‐Step Cycloaddition Reaction for Convenient Synthesis of Polycyclic Spirooxindole‐fused [1,3]Oxazines

The novel spirooxindoline fused [1,3]oxazines were efficiently synthesized from Diels‐Alder reaction of N‐arylmaleimides with 1,2‐dihydro‐2‐oxospiro[3H‐indole‐3,2′‐[2H,9aH‐pyrido[2,1‐b][1,3]oxazines], which were generated in situ from three‐component reactions of substituted pyridines and isatins with methyl propiolate, or dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate. The stereochemistry of the products was clearly clarified by the analysis of ¹H NMR data and single crystal structures of the obtained polycyclic compounds.     

Synthesis of Dispirocyclopentyl‐3,3′‐bisoxindoles via Domino Cycloaddition Reactions of 4‐Dimethylaminopyridinium Bromides with 3‐Phenacylideneoxindoles

The base mediated cycloaddition reactions of 4‐dimethylamino‐1‐phenacylpyridinium bromides with two molecular 3‐phenacylideneoxindoles in methylene dichloride afforded functionalized dispirocyclopentyl‐3,3′‐bisoxindoles in good yields and with high diastereoselectivity. The similar cycloaddition reactions of 1‐(N,N‐dialkylcarbamoylmethyl) and 1‐cyanomethyl 4‐dimethylamino‐pyridinium bromide in refluxing ethanol in the presence of triethylamine also resulted in dispirocyclopentyl‐3,3′‐bisoxindoles with high diastereoselectivity. The stereochemistry of dispirocyclopentyl‐3,3′‐bisoxindoles was elucidated on the basis of ¹H NMR data and single crystal structures.     

The Aerobic Oxidation and C=C Bond Cleavage of Styrenes Catalyzed by Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate (CAN)

The CAN‐catalyzed aerobic oxidation severed the C=C bond selectively through the single electron transfer mechanism, giving a green method to decompose olefins. Compared with the literature reported examples, this method required simple catalyst, cheap, abundant and clean oxidant and was very safe to operate due to the mild conditions.     

高中学业水平考试试题难度模型建构*

利用主成分分析方法厘清试题难度影响因素之间的关系,进而从问题表征、问题解决和结果输出等3个维度上建立了影响高中学业水平考试试题难度的主要因素。通过编写高中学业水平考试测试题进行实证研究,建立影响因素常见呈现类型的难易赋值规则。选用机器学习的线性回归方法建构试题难度分析模型,并使用高考化学江苏卷部分试题的实测难度数据进行校验,模型难度预测值和高考难度实测值具有较好的拟合度,表明模型具有较好的应用价值和推广意义。     

含有未配位羧基的吡唑羧酸基镉和铜的配合物的合成、晶体结构和荧光性能

以菲咯啉和3,5-二甲基-1-羧甲基-4-吡唑甲酸为配体,合成了2个新的配合物[Cd(Hcmdpca)2(phen)(H_2O)](1)和[Cu2(Hcmdpca)2(phen)4(NO3)2]·4H_2O(2)(H2cmdpca=3,5-二甲基-1-羧甲基-4-吡唑甲酸;phen=菲咯啉),并用红外光谱、元素分析、热重分析和X射线单晶衍射结构分析等对其进行了表征。配合物1和2都属于单斜晶系,1和2的空间群分别为C2/c和P21/c。配合物1的镉离子采取七配位的方式,Hcmdpca-阴离子桥联2个镉离子形成一个双核结构;这些双核结构单元间通过分子间氢键及π-π相互作用构成一个三维的超分子结构。配合物2是一个由2个分立的单核铜配阳离子构成的独立单元,铜离子位于一个畸变的八面体构型中;这些单核铜配阳离子和硝酸根通过静电引力和分子间氢键作用,进一步形成一个三维的超分子结构,而溶剂水分子填充在该结构的空隙中。此外还考察了1和2的热稳定性和固体荧光性质。